Intambara za drone: menya uruganda rudashobora kugurisha ku Burusiya

Na Dzhafer Umerov

BBC Igisata c'ikinya-Ukraine, Istanbul

Intambara muri Ukraine yatanguranye na drones za gisirikare zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB2, zagize uruhara runini mu guhagarika umurindi w'igitero c'Uburusiya.

Ariko ubu, bisa n'aho Uburusiya ari bwo buri imbere mw'ikoreshwa rya drones zahinguriwe muri Iran, zizwi nka 'kamikaze drones' ziturikiriza aho zirungitswe.

Ku bw'umuhinga w'izo ndege zitagira umudereva, Sarah Kreps, ibi biri mu mahinduka mu buryo bwo kurwana intambara.

Uyu mwigisha muri kaminuza ya Cornell agira ati: "Vyaraboneka kuva kare ko drones zizoba ngirakamaro.

"Kuja ku kintu gishasha biba ari ibisanzwe muri kamere y'abantu. Nizo zaboneka cane, kandi vyaribonekeza ko zije guhindura ibintu."

Ijambo 'game changer' ryatanguye gukoreshwa ubwa mbere kuri drones zo mu bwoko bwa Bayraktar TB2.

Ikiguzi cazo kigereranywa muri miriyoni zibiri z'amadorari ($) zikagira ubunini nk'ubw'indege ntoya, kandi ziremeka ibisasu vya 'missiles' bifise ubushobozi bwo gutobora 'imitamenwa' kandi zikayoborwa n'imishwarara amaso adashobora kubona bita 'laser'.

Ariko ku bwa Selcuk na Haluk Bayraktar, abavukanyi b'abanya-Turukiya bakora izo 'drones', nta buryo buhari bwo kwirinda amabi y'intambara ataco yungura.

"Nivyo koko, intambara ni ikintu kibi, ni ikintu kibi", uku niko Haluk, umukuru muri aba bavukanyi yavugiye mu biro iwe, aho igikinisho ca Drone TB2 giteretse mu mfuruka, kiriko ikirangantego c'igisirikare ca Ukraine.

Yagize ati: "Abantu bariko barapfa, icifuzo n'uko tutari gushika aho dukora ibirwanisho bigenda mu kirere bitagira umudereva".

Yongeyeko y'uko iyo 'hari ibitero bikomeye nk'ivyo, uwo bitumbereye abwirizwa kwikingira' kandi ivyo ngo bigashoboka biciye mu gukoresha ubuhinga bwa none nk'ubwo bwa 'drones'. 

'Umuhizi w'igihugu'

Witegereje uri hanze, urwo ruganda rwegukira umuryango umwe ruri mu micungararo y'igisagara ca Istambul, rusa n'ikigo ca kaminuza canke ishirahamwe ry'ubuhinga bwa none.

Abantu bari mu myaka ya za mirongo ibiri berekeza muri mirongo itatu, bambaye amakoboyi (jeans), bariko baragenda mu kibuga cagutse gisharije n'ubwatsi buringanije neza cane.

Kw'ishikiro, hari imeza igerekeranyeko ibitabo vya kahise k'ubwami bw'aba Ottoman n'ingene hakorwa neza amasengesho y'idini rya Islam.

'Baykar Technology' si co kigo kinini gisumba ibindi gihingura ibikoresho vya gisirikare muri Turukiya, ariko kiri mu bikomeye.

Drone zarafashije Azerbayijan gutsinda ingabo za Armenia no kugaruza igice kinini c'ubutaka barwanira muri Nagorno-Karabakh mu 2020.

Aha niho izo drones zahereye kumenyekana hanze ya Turukiya.

Haluk yagize ati: "Zaje nk'inyunganizi z'inguvu muri Karabakh, muri Turukiya mu kurwanya iterabwoba, mu bitero vyo muri Syria, mu gushiraho akarere k'umutekano no kubuza isambuka burundu rya Libya".

Ico kigo gifitaniye imigenderanire n'igisirikare ca Turukiya, catanguye kukigurira ibirwanisho ubwa mbere.

Ico gisikare cakoresheje 'drones' mu gutumbereza ku barwanyi b'aba Kurdes bari mu gihugu no hanze y'imbibe.

Abo bavukanyi bavuga ko bashora ubwo buhinga mu bihugu 24.

Ibi bihuye n'intego ya perezida Erdogan yo guhindura Turukiya kikaba igihugu ca mbere gishorera drones ibindi bihugu vyo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati na Afrika ndetse no muri Asia yo hagati.

Ku kibazo c'uko iki kigo cabo gishiraho amabwirizwa aherekeza ikoreshwa ry'izo drones, nk'akarorero ko kizira kuzikoresha ku banyagihugu basanzwe, Haluk yishuye ati: "Ubutegetsi bwa Turukiya nibwo butanga impusha zo gushorera hanze bukanashinga amategeko, arimwo n'ayaraba ikoreshwa ry'ubwo buhinga budakwiye kwifashishwa namba mu guhungabanya agateka ka zina-muntu".

Avuga ko "Baykar n'ubundi ikorana n'ibihugu", ati rero "ubwo buhinga bugurishwa ku bihugu canke ku mashirahamwe ya leta, ntibugurishwa ku banyagihugu basanzwe canke ku nzego zigenga". 

Ntitugurisha

Imigenderanire y'ico kigo na Ukraine si iya vuba.

Haluk avuga ko amasezerano yateweko igikumu mu 2018, batangura kurungika drones mu 2019.

Ubutegetsi bwa Kyiv bwari bwegereye ibihugu vyinshi burondera drone, ariko Turkiya niyo yonyene yemeye kuzibaha nk'uko Haluk abivuga.

Ku bijanye no kumenya uburyo Uburusiya bwakiriye iyo migenderanire na burya nabwo busanzwe bufise ivyo buhuriyeko na Turkiya, Haluk yavuze ko bo ikigo cabo ari ikigo c'ubuhinga, gutyo Ukraine ariyo iheza ikamenya uko ikoresha izo drone.

Yongeyeko ko mu binyamakuru vy'Uburusiya havugwa amajambo menshi yo gutyoza ico kigo, kubera izo drone ziriko zirasambura ibirwanisho vy'Uburusiya birimwo n'ivyo kwikingira ibitero.

Intumbero nyamukuru mu gukora izo drone ngo "nti yari ukurondera amafaranga canke ayandi maronko,", uko niko Haluk yishuye abajijwe nimba boshorera izo drone Uburusiya buramutse bubahaye amafranga menshi.

Ati : "N'aho boduha ayangana gute, kubaha drones ni ikintu tudashobora gukora. Twebwe dushigikiye Ukraine ijana kw'ijana".

Kuremerwa na Putin?

Perezida Erdogan wa Turukiya yabwiye abari mu nama y'inzego zo hejuru z'umugambwe ko perezida Putin yoba akeneye drones.

Haluk yari yagiriwe inama n'abunganizi biwe mu vyo kumenyesha amakuru yo kudakoresha izina 'Putin', ariko akavuga gusa 'Uburusiya'.

Murumunawe Selcuk, ari nawe atwara igisata c'ubuhinga muri ico kigo, we yanse kugira ico avuze.

Birumvikana mu majambo ya Haluk, ko ata migenderanire n'Uburusiya izohaba kuri ico kibazo ca drones, n'imiburiburi muri kino gihe c'intambara na Ukraine.

Ariko abihweza utuntu n'utundi mu bihugu biteye imbere bagiriza Turukiya ko ishaka kuvomera zose ku vyerekeye Uburusiya.

Ku ruhande rumwe, igurisha ibirwanisho vya gisirikare kuri Ukraine, ku rundi ruhande ikanka gushira mu ngiro ibihano vyafashwe n'ibihugu vya Bulaya ku Burusiya.

Ibi ni urufatangane rw'ibibazo n'inyungu, ntibigarukira gusa mu rudandazwa.

Mu kiganiro yahaye BBC, Haluk yagarutse kenshi kuri se aherutse gupfa mu mwaka uheze.

Ozdemir Bayraktar yari umuhinga w'umu 'engineer/ingenieur' yashinze ikigo mu myaka ya 1980s co guhingura ivyo gusanura imodoka.

Ariko kandi yari afise uruhara muri politike y'idini rya Islam, kumwe n'uwahavuye aba umuyobozi w'umuji, ari we Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

Bompi bari bashigikiye ikurwaho ry'intwaro idashingiye ku madini canke ukwemera, bazana Islam bayiha ikibanza muri leta.

Mu 2016, abo bagabo bompi bari akadasohoka, igihe umuhungu wo hagati wa Ozdemir, Selcuk, yarongora umukobwa wa Erdogan, Sumeyye.

Abenshi baravuga ko ico kigo uwo gikesha gutera imbere, ari 'uwo batayobewe', ivyo Selcuk ahakana.

Igihe drone za Bayraktar TB2 zagaba igitero cazo ca mbere, vyamamaye mu binyamakuru vya Turikiya, aho iyo nkuru yaboneka ku rupapuro rwa mbere. Selcuk, azwi nk'umutwe waremye porogarama ya drone, avuga ko yari inkuru ikomeye.

Agira ati :"Vyari ibikomeye ku bwigenge bw'igihugu cacu. Sinari bwarongore ico gihe. ibi vy'amakuru mabi mu binyamakuru bimwe bimwe vyaje maze kurongora".

Tugarutse ku makuru ya drone, Haluk yabajijwe uko abona drones za Iran nk'umuhinga.

Yishuye ko kuba izo zo mu bwoko bwa 'Bayraktar TB2' ari iza mbere kw'isi muri urwo rwego rwa drone, atari agaseseshwarumuri.

Ati: "Sindagerageza kumenya ico izo wavuze ziharije, ariko nzi ko ata zindi ndege zigenda zitagira umudereva, kw'isi yose, zimaze kwerekana ubushobozi buruta izacu ku rubuga rw'intambara ".

Ubwo Pologne cabaye igihugu ca mbere co mu muryango OTAN kiguze kandi kikaronka izo 'drones TB2' , aya majambo yiwe abaye nk'ayaje kugwa mu matwi y'abari basanzwe bayarindiriye.