Uko Ukraine yagabye igitero cy'ubwihanduzacumu cyiswe 'Spider Web' ku ndege z'intambara z'Uburusiya

Cyari igitero kirimo ubuhanga butangaje – kitigeze kibaho mbere, cyagutse, ndetse cyateguwe amezi 18.

Ku itariki ya mbere y'uku kwezi kwa Kamena (6), indege nto z'intambara zitajyamo umupilote (drone) zirenga 100 za Ukraine zarashe ku bibuga by'indege za gisirikare imbere kure mu Burusiya, zirasa ku ndege z'intambara zifite ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibisasu bya kirimbuzi biterwa mu ntera ndende.

Ingano y'icyo gitero cyiswe "Spider Web" (cyangwa inzu y'igitagangurirwa, ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda), yagaragaye neza nk'ako kanya kigitangira, ibiturika bitangazwa ko byumvikanye mu turere twinshi dufite amasaha atandukanye mu Burusiya hose – kure cyane mu majyaruguru mu mujyi wa Murmansk hejuru y'uruziga rw'impera ya ruguru y'isi ya 'Arctique', na kure cyane mu burasirazuba mu karere ka Amur, mu ntera ya kilometero zirenga 8,000 uvuye muri Ukraine.

Minisiteri y'ingabo y'Uburusiya yemeje ko ibyo bitero byabaye mu turere dutanu two mu Burusiya – Murmansk, Irkutsk, Ivanovo, Ryazan, no mu karere ka Amur – ariko yavuze ko indege zangijwe gusa mu karere ka Murmansk no mu karere ka Irkutsk, mu gihe mu tundi turere cyavuze ko ibyo bitero byasubijwe inyuma.

Mu mafoto yatangajwe nyuma gato y'icyo gitero, Vasyl Malyuk, umukuru w'urwego rw'ubutasi bw'imbere mu gihugu rwa Ukraine (SBU), agaragara areba ku ikarita y'icyogajuru igaragaza ibibuga by'indege za gisirikare, ibibuga by'ahantu hari ku rutonde rw'Uburusiya bigaragara neza.

Uko 'opération' yagenze

Malyuk yavuze ko izo 'drone' zinjijwe mu Burusiya mu buryo bwa magendu ziri imbere mu byumba bikoze mu giti biri inyuma ku makamyo ndetse zihishwe munsi y'ibisenge bishobora gukurwaho mu buryo bw'iyakure.

Izo modoka z'amakamyo bigaragara ko zahise zitwarwa zerekezwa ahantu hegereye ibibuga by'indege za gisirikare, zitwawe n'abashoferi basa nk'abatari bazi imizigo batwaye; nuko 'drone' zirahagurutswa zigabwa aho zagombaga kurasa.

Videwo zahererekanyijwe ku mbuga za interineti zigaragaza 'drone' ziva mu gisenge cy'imwe muri izo modoka zifashishijwe. Umushoferi w'ikamyo imwe w'umugabo wabajijwe n'ibiro ntaramakuru Ria Novosti bya leta y'Uburusiya yavuze ko we n'abandi bashoferi bagerageje guhanura izo 'drone' zagurukaga ziva mu ikamyo bakoresheje amabuye.

Yagize ati: "Zari ziri inyuma mu ikamyo ndetse dutera amabuye kugira ngo tuzibuze kuguruka zijya hejuru, kugira ngo tuzigumishe hasi."

Amakuru atagenzuwe yatangajwe na shene yo mu Burusiya yo ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa Telegram yitwa Baza – izwiho kugirana isano n'inzego z'ubutasi – avuga ko abashoferi b'amakamyo izo 'drone' zahagurukiyemo, bose bavuze inkuru zimwe z'ukuntu bahawe akazi mbere y'igihe n'abacuruzi ko kuzabatwarira ibyumba (ububiko) bikoze mu giti, bakabijyana ahantu hanyuranye mu Burusiya.

Bamwe bavuze ko baje guhabwa andi mabwiriza kuri telefone bamenyeshwa ahantu bazaparika ayo makamyo; bamaze kuyaparika, bumijwe no kubona 'drone' ziguruka ziyavamo.

Mu butumwa bw'intsinzi yatangaje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku cyumweru, Perezida wa Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky – wagenzuye iyo 'opération' mu buryo butaziguye – yavuze ko 'drone' 117 zakoreshejwe muri icyo gitero cy'ubwihanduzacumu, cyateguwe mu gihe cy'"umwaka umwe, amezi atandatu n'iminsi icyenda".

Yanavuze ko hamwe mu hantu harashwe hari iruhande neza ya bimwe mu biro by'urwego rw'ubutasi bw'imbere mu gihugu rw'Uburusiya (FSB).

Uburusiya bwavuze ko bwafunze abantu ku bijyanye n'icyo gitero, nubwo Zelensky yavuze ko abantu bafashije muri iyo 'opération' "bakuwe ku butaka bw'Uburusiya... ubu baratekanye".

Mu butumwa bwo ku rubuga rwa Telegram ubu bwamaze gusibwa, abategetsi bo mu nzego z'ibanze bo mu mujyi wa Ust-Kut mu karere ka Irkutsk, bavuze ko bari barimo gushakisha umuntu wavukiye muri Ukraine w'imyaka 37, bijyanye n'igitero cya 'drone' ku kibuga cy'indege za gisirikare cy'i Belaya.

'Drone'

Amafoto yatangajwe n'urwego rw'ubutasi rwa SBU rwa Ukraine agaragaza 'drone' ntoya z'umukara zibarirwa muri za mirongo zihishwe neza mu byumba bikoze mu giti imbere mu nyubako ibikwamo ibicuruzwa (warehouse/entrepôt). Abatangaza amakuru y'ibya gisirikare bo mu Burusiya bavuze ko iherereye mu mujyi wa Chelyabinsk.

Dr Steve Wright, inzobere kuri 'drone' utuye mu Bwongereza, yabwiye BBC ko izo 'drone' zakoreshejwe mu kurasa indege z'Uburusiya ari 'drone' zoroheje zo mu bwoko bwa 'quadcopters', muri rusange zari ziriho ibice biturika biremereye.

Yongeyeho ko icyatumye iki gitero kiba "ikidasanzwe na busa", ari ugushobora kwinjiza izo 'drone' mu buryo bwa magendu mu Burusiya, ubundi zigahagurutwa ndetse zikayoborwa mu buryo bw'iyakure – yanzuye ko ibyo byakozwe hifashishijwe umuyoboro unyuze mu cyogajuru cyangwa kuri interineti.

Zelensky yavuze ko buri 'drone' muri 'drone' 117 zahagurukijwe, yari ifite umupilote wayo uyiyoboye mu buryo bw'iyakure (atayirimo).

Dr Wright yanumvikanishije ko bishoboka ko izo 'drone' zashoboye kuguruka hifashishijwe indangacyerekezo (GPS) ariko ko zishobora kuba zaranakwepye ingamba z'Uburusiya zo kubangamira itumanaho ('jamming') ryo mu gace runaka, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuziyobora n'intoki bw'iyakure.

Ukraine ntiyatanze amakuru arambuye ku nkomoko y'izo 'drone' ariko kuva iyi ntambara yatangira mu 2022, Ukraine yabaye intyoza mu gukora 'drone' – ndetse byashoboka ko izakoreshejwe muri iki gitero zakorewe muri Ukraine.

Aho zarashe

Mu ijambo rye ryo mu buryo bwa videwo avuga buri joro, Zelensky yagize ati: "Uburusiya bwagize igihombo gikomeye cyane, kandi ni byo koko [birakwiye]."

Ukraine ivuga ko yarashe indege 41 z'intambara, zijya mu ntera ndende mu kirere cy'umwanzi kurasa ahantu runaka (zizwi nka 'strategic bombers'), ndetse ko "nibura" 13 zashenywe. Uburusiya ntibwemeje ko hari indege n'imwe bwatakaje, uretse gusa ko bwavuze ko indege zimwe zangiritse.

Videwo zagenzuwe na BBC zigaragaza indege zangiritse ziri ku kibuga cy'indege za gisirikare cy'i Olenegorsk mu karere ka Murmansk no ku kibuga cy'indege za gisirikare cy'i Belaya mu karere ka Irkutsk.

Izo ndege z'intambara zitwara ibisasu bya misile byihariye zarashweho muri icyo gitero, byibazwa ko zimwe muri zo ari izo mu bwoko bwa Tu-95, Tu-22 na Tu-160. Kuzisana bizagorana ndetse, kubera ko nta n'imwe muri zo ikiri gukorwa, kuzisimbuza ntibishoboka.

Amafoto y'icyogajuru cya radari ('Radar satellite imagery') yatanzwe na kompanyi y'iby'isanzure yo muri Amerika, Capella Space, ahishura nibura indege enye z'intambara z'Uburusiya zangiritse cyane cyangwa zashenywe ku kibuga cy'indege za gisirikare cy'i Belaya. Ibyo bihuye n'amashusho ya Ukraine yafashwe na 'drone', na yo agaragaza igitero ku ndege y'intambara yo mu bwoko bwa Tu-95.

Vasyl Malyuk, umukuru w'urwego rw'ubutasi rwa SBU, yagize ati: "Dukurikije amategeko n'imigenzo byo mu ntambara, twamenye ahantu hemewe rwose ho kurasa – [ari ho] ibibuga by'indege za gisirikare n'indege zirasa imijyi yacu y'amahoro."

Bivugwa ko indege z'intambara zo mu bwoko bwa Tu-95 zagabye igitero kinini cy'ibisasu bya misile byo mu bwoko bwa Kh-101muri Ukraine vuba aha cyane mu cyumweru gishize. Buri ndege yo muri ubwo bwoko ishobora gutwara misile umunani zo mu bwoko bwa 'cruise', zishobora kuyoborwa ahantu runaka, ndetse buri misile ubwayo itwara igice giturika gipima ibiro (kg) 400.

Amakuru avuga ko indege za gisirikare zikora ubutasi zo mu bwoko bwa A-50 na zo zarashweho. Ni indege zihenze cyane zongerera Uburusiya ubushobozi bwo gufata misile za Ukraine, ndetse no mu kugaba ibitero byabwo.

Umubare w'indege za A-50 Uburusiya bufite ntuzwi – ariko muri Gashyantare (2) mu mwaka wa 2024, umukuru w'ubutasi bwa gisirikare bwa Ukraine, Kyrylo Budanov, yavuze ko Uburusiya bufite indege umunani z'ubwo bwoko, rero gutakaza uko ari ko kose cyangwa kwangirika uko ari ko kose gushobora gushegesha cyane Uburusiya.

Mu butumwa rwatangaje ku mbuga nkoranyambaga, urwego rw'ubutasi rwa Ukraine rwa SBU rwavuze ko 'operation Spider Web' yahombeje Uburusiya miliyari 7 z'amadolari y'Amerika.

Ibitangazamakuru bya leta y'Uburusiya byaruciye birarumira kuri icyo gitero. Ibiganiro bya televiziyo byo ku cyumweru byo mu masaha abantu baba bareba televiziyo ari benshi cyane byasubiyemo gusa ibikubiye mu matangazo yasohowe n'abategetsi b'uturere. Kugeza mu gitondo cyo ku wa mbere, iyo nkuru yari yamaze kuva mu makuru.

Ku mbuga za interineti n'ahandi, Abanya-Ukraine bishimiye icyo gitero, umwe ashimagiza iyo 'opération' avuga ko ari "rurangiza".

Zelensky yanditse ku rubuga rwa Telegram ati: "Birumvikana, buri kintu cyose [kijyanye n'iki gitero] ntigishobora guhishurwa muri aka kanya, ariko nta gushidikanya ko ibi ari ibikorwa by'Abanya-Ukraine bizajya [bizandikwa] mu bitabo by'amateka."

Amakuru y'inyongera yatawe n'abanyamakuru ba BBC ari bo Kumar Malhotra, Tom Spencer, Richard Irvine-Brown, Paul Brown na Benedict Garman